Ketamine in emergency and prehospital care

Tranexamic acid in trauma and other acute haemorrhage.

Key point: Tranexamic acid does not affect all-cause mortality, functional outcomes, neurological impairment, or hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, despite reducing hematoma volume.

Video laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation.

Key point: For neonatal and infant airway management, videolaryngoscopy is the first choice for intubation, with apneic oxygenation during the attempt.

Using ECMO during cardiac arrest when conventional CPR fails.

Key point: Extracorporeal CPR may be considered for selected in-hospital pediatric arrests unresponsive to conventional CPR in appropriately resourced hospitals, with insufficient evidence for out-of-hospital use.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for major haemorrhage.

Comparing balanced solutions such as lactated Ringer's with normal saline for fluid therapy.

Key point: Balanced crystalloid policies were not associated with a clear reduction in mortality or acute kidney injury in cluster-randomized evaluations of routine care.

Starting buprenorphine for opioid use disorder during an emergency visit.

Key point: ED-initiated buprenorphine is superior to brief intervention for short-term treatment engagement and reducing opioid use in opioid use disorder.