Video laryngoscopy

Patients held in the emergency department while waiting for an inpatient bed, and its effects.

Transfusing whole blood instead of separate components in bleeding trauma patients.

Tranexamic acid in trauma and other acute haemorrhage.

Key point: Tranexamic acid does not affect all-cause mortality, functional outcomes, neurological impairment, or hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, despite reducing hematoma volume.

Using ECMO during cardiac arrest when conventional CPR fails.

Key point: Extracorporeal CPR may be considered for selected in-hospital pediatric arrests unresponsive to conventional CPR in appropriately resourced hospitals, with insufficient evidence for out-of-hospital use.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for major haemorrhage.

Ketamine for analgesia, sedation and intubation in the ED and before hospital.

Key point: Sentinel adverse events were extremely rare, strongly supporting the safety of ED ketamine for procedural sedation of children.