Transversus abdominis plane block

Acute confusion after surgery, its prevention and outcomes.

Regional blocks such as the erector spinae plane and quadratus lumborum blocks.

Key point: For adults, fascial plane blocks are strongly recommended to reduce pain and/or opioid requirements after open cardiothoracic, abdominal, retroperitoneal, pelvic surgeries and mastectomy.

Processed EEG monitoring to guide anaesthetic depth.

An ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine for sedation and anaesthesia.

Key point: Remimazolam is a safe and effective alternative for bronchoscopy sedation, offering improved cardiopulmonary safety and favourable procedural characteristics.

Esketamine for analgesia and mood around surgery.

Key point: Intraoperative low-dose esketamine improved early patient-reported recovery after minimally invasive esophagectomy by enhancing analgesia and reducing postoperative anxiety and depression without increasing adverse events.

Dexmedetomidine for sedation, analgesia and delirium prevention.

Key point: In mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis and septic shock, dexmedetomidine shortened mechanical ventilation but increased bradycardia risk, without mortality or organ dysfunction benefits.